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[172] Jakarta has the most extended bus rapid transit system in the world, boasting some 251.2 kilometres (156.1 miles) in 13 corridors and ten cross-corridor routes. In 2018, Indonesia received 15.8 million visitors, a growth of 12.5% from last year, and received an average receipt of US$967. Synonyme d’aventure, l’île de Sumatra vie au rythme d’une nature extrême marquée par un écosystème particulièrement diversifié où des volcans bouillonnants y ont élu domicile. At the national level, Indonesians did not elect a president until 2004. Trouvez votre logement de rêve en Indonésie au meilleur prix... Pour être sûr de partir en Indonésie à la meilleure saison ! Indonesian dances have a diverse history, with more than 3,000 original dances. MAGMA Indonesia MAGMA Indonesia (Multiplatform Application for Geohazard Mitigation and Assessment in Indonesia) adalah aplikasi multiplatform (web & mobile) dalam jaringan berisikan informasi dan rekomendasi kebencanaan geologi terintegrasi (gunungapi, gempabumi, tsunami, dan gerakan tanah) yang disajikan kepada masyarakat secara kuasi-realtime dan interaktif. [190], Indonesia has a space programme and space agency, the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN). Indonesia is among the only five countries that have won the Thomas and Uber Cup, the world team championship of men's and women's badminton. This situation creates a gap in wealth, unemployment rate, and health between densely populated islands and economic centres (such as Sumatra and Java) and sparsely populated, disadvantaged areas (such as Maluku and Papua). [35], For most of the colonial period, Dutch control over the archipelago was tenuous. [160] Historically, it has been weighted heavily towards agriculture, reflecting both its stage of economic development and government policies in the 1950s and 1960s to promote agricultural self-sufficiency. Sports are generally male-oriented, and spectators are often associated with illegal gambling. [135], Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950 and was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature. [269] LGBT issues have recently gained attention in Indonesia. Sunni traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Europeans introduced Christianity through colonisation. Some popular dishes such as nasi goreng, gado-gado, sate, and soto are prevalent and considered as national dishes. Since 2007, annual growth has accelerated to between 4% and 6% as a result of improvement in the banking sector and domestic consumption,[165] helping Indonesia weather the 2008–2009 Great Recession. The 2019 elections resulted in nine political parties in the DPR, with a parliamentary threshold of 4% of the national vote. Vous recherchez la carte ou le plan Indonesia et de ses environs ? They have had a significant impact on how other faiths are practised, evidenced by a large proportion of people—such as the Javanese abangan, Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christians—practising a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion.[234]. Clockwise from top: Indonesian Armed Forces. Bromo-Tengger-Semeru, three mighty mountains of Java, East Java.jpg Indonesian Rupiah proclamation of independence 1945.png [201] Other attractions include the specific points in Indonesian history, such as the colonial heritage of the Dutch East Indies in the old towns of Jakarta and Semarang, and the royal palaces of Pagaruyung, Ubud, and Yogyakarta. [61] It brought out popular discontent with the New Order's corruption and suppression of political opposition and ultimately ended Suharto's presidency. [79], Tectonically, Indonesia is highly unstable, making it a site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. Vos avis sur la page : Que voir en Indonésie ? Gambir Station, Jakarta, JakartaTransjakartaWendestelleStasiunKotaJakarta.jpg Découvrez-les en réservant dans nos hôtels. publications. It is the largest archipelagic country in the world, extending 5,120 kilometres (3,181 mi) from east to west and 1,760 kilometres (1,094 mi) from north to south. Idéal pour décompresser, les îles Banda ne sont qu’un exemple parmi tant d’autres. Tout pour faire de votre voyage en Indonésie, une expérience inoubliable. Bordée de plages et de récifs coralliens, l’île de Célèbe regorge de montagnes impénétrables et d’oiseaux colorés riches d’une culture complexe, le pays toraja mérite le détour. Dewan Perwakilan Daerah - DPD, Mahkamah Agung insignia.svg Les prises de courant utilisées en Indonésie sont : Acheter un adaptateur de voyages. indonesian society card abroad (kmlin) diaspora bonds. The traditional houses and settlements in the country vary by ethnic groups, and each has a specific custom and history. The first native scholar to use the name was Ki Hajar Dewantara when in 1913 he established a press bureau in the Netherlands, Indonesisch Pers-bureau. Most of the railways are in Java, used for both freight and passenger transport, such as local commuter rail services complementing the inter-city rail network in several cities. [299] Between 2000 and 2005, the number of films released each year steadily increased. [248], There was a sizable Jewish presence in the archipelago until 1945, mostly Dutch and some Baghdadi Jews. Dirgantara Indonesia), Indonesia has provided components for Boeing and Airbus. It was promoted by nationalists in the 1920s and achieved official status under the name Bahasa Indonesia in 1945. Explorez les merveilles de Java, les plages sauvages de Nusa Tenggara avant de partir à l’aventure en Papouasie ou au Kalimantan ! ", "Shrugging Indonesia's inferiority complex", "Indonesia: Military expenditure (% of GDP)", "TNI's Gold Mine: Corruption and Military-Owned Businesses in Indonesia", "Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia-TNI)", "The Political Influence of the Military Before and After Democratic Transition: Experiences from Indonesia – An Assessment on Myanmar", "Papua: Answer to Frequently Asked Questions", "Policy Review: Is the Indonesian Government Debt still in a 'Safe Zone'? Bandung-Jatinangor: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Padjadjaran: hlm. Indonesia has various styles of clothing as a result of its long and rich cultural history. [45] The Netherlands attempted to re-establish their rule, and a bitter armed and diplomatic struggle ended in December 1949 when the Dutch formally recognised Indonesian independence in the face of international pressure. Independent filmmaking was a rebirth of the film industry since 1998, where films started addressing previously banned topics, such as religion, race, and love. [113], The highest representative body at the national level is the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, MPR). It consists of more than seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, and New Guinea (Papua). [254] Parents can choose between state-run, non-sectarian schools or private or semi-private religious (usually Islamic) schools, supervised by the ministries of Education and Religion, respectively. Despite often displaying local ingenuity, Indonesian arts have absorbed foreign influences—most notably from India, the Arab world, China and Europe, as a result of contacts and interactions facilitated, and often motivated, by trade. [156] The services are the economy's largest sector and account for 43.4% of GDP (2018), followed by industry (39.7%) and agriculture (12.8%). The Supreme Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Agung) is the highest level of the judicial branch, and hears final cessation appeals and conducts case reviews. From 1973 to 1992, the festival was held annually and then discontinued until its revival in 2004. Clockwise from top: TransJakarta bus, Jabodetabek Commuter Line, Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-800, Pelni ship. [243][244] Its spread faced difficulty due to the VOC policy of banning the religion and the Dutch hostility due to the Eighty Years' War against Catholic Spain's rule. Der ViaMichelin-Stadtplan von Indonesia: Nutzen Sie die bewährten Karten von Michelin und profitieren Sie von unserer mehr als 100-jährigen Erfahrung. [283] Examples include Toraja's Tongkonan, Minangkabau's Rumah Gadang and Rangkiang, Javanese style Pendopo pavilion with Joglo style roof, Dayak's longhouses, various Malay houses, Balinese houses and temples, and also different forms of rice barns (lumbung). Pour nourrir votre curiosité et inspirer vos voyages, (Votre curiosité vous remercie par avance), Pour multiplier vos chances d’explorer le monde. [97] These issues contribute to Indonesia's poor ranking (number 116 out of 180 countries) in the 2020 Environmental Performance Index. [312] The style and characteristics of modern Indonesian literature vary according to the dynamics of the country's political and social landscape,[312] most notably the war of independence in the second half of 1940s and the anti-communist mass killings in the mid-1960s. Indonesia (/ ˌ ɪ n d ə ˈ n iː ʒ ə / IN-də-NEE-zhə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] ()), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. The capital of East Java, Semarang Wikivoyage banner.jpg Indonesia (/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ (listen) IN-də-NEE-zhə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] (listen)),[a] is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Numerous attempts by the United States and the Soviet Union,[131][132] and China to some degree,[133] culminated in the 1965 coup attempt and subsequent upheaval that led to a reorientation of foreign policy. [173] Rickshaws such as bajaj and becak and share taxis such as Angkot and Metromini are a regular sight in the country. Il y a tant à voir ! Indonesia's first appearance in the AFC Asian Cup was in 1996 and successfully qualified for the next three tournaments. [15], Fossilised remains of Homo erectus, popularly known as the "Java Man", suggest the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago. Indonesia is second only to Australia in terms of total endemic species, with 36% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic. They serve as communication and transport links between the island's river settlements. ", "Share of people living in urban areas, 2017", "Demographia World Urban Areas, 15th Annual Edition", "Tapping the Indonesian Diaspora Potential", "The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society", "Minangkabau, Background of the main pioneers of modern standard Malay in Indonesia", "Language interference: Indonesian and English", "The Demographic History of the Dutch in the East Indies", "The Ambiguities of Religious Freedom in Indonesia", "2016 Indonesia International Religious Freedom Report", "2003 International Religious Freedom Report", Handbook of Oriental Studies. The former caused 92,000 deaths and created an umbrella of volcanic ash which spread and blanketed parts of the archipelago, and made much of the Northern Hemisphere without summer in 1816. Mit unserem Mietwagenservice bieten wir Ihnen jederzeit eine Best-Preis-Garantie, Neues in der ViaMichelin-Verkehrsinformation, Ihre persönlichen Warnungen auf Ihren Routen, Buchen Sie Ihren Parkplatz im Voraus auf Onepark (im Stadtzentrum, Bahnhof oder Flughafen). With its state-owned company, the Indonesian Aerospace (PT. [289] Each province has a representation of traditional attire and dress,[273] such as Ulos of Batak from North Sumatra; Songket of Malay and Minangkabau from Sumatra; and Ikat of Sasak from Lombok. Criques, lacs,sentiers…Chaque région de France est unique. Ne manquez aucun des incontournables que ce soit le temple Borobudur, le Parc national du Komodo ou le Krakatoa et organisez votre séjour grâce à la carte des trajets. [212] Most Indonesians are descended from Austronesian peoples whose languages had origins in Proto-Austronesian, which possibly originated in what is now Taiwan. Notable theatre, dance, and drama troupe such as Teater Koma are famous as it often portrays social and political satire of Indonesian society.[296]. Sur l’île de Java, il ne faut surtout pas manquer le Borobudur, le temple bouddhiste le plus imposant du monde ainsi que le Prambanan, inscrit au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. [90] Papua was part of the Australian landmass and is home to a unique fauna and flora closely related to that of Australia, including over 600 bird species. China, the United States, Japan, Singapore, India, Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand are Indonesia's principal export markets and import partners. Chapter XA, Article 28E, 1st Clause of the 1945 Constitution. [168], Indonesia has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, coal, tin, copper, gold, and nickel, while agriculture produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices, and rubber. Je vous propose 3 cartes touristiques inédites et imprimables pour votre voyage en Indonésie! In all legislative elections since the fall of the New Order, no political party has managed to win an overall majority of seats. Early modern Indonesian literature originates in Sumatran tradition. Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with the largest one being the Javanese. The invocation of the first principle of Indonesia's philosophical foundation, Pancasila (the belief in the one and only God) often serves as a reminder of religious tolerance,[250] though instances of intolerance have occurred. [27] Trade has since fundamentally shaped Indonesian history. Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (The National Library), Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) banknotes2009.jpg I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. Indonesien ist ein über 17.508 Inseln verteiltes Land in Südostasien. [210] About 8 million Indonesians live overseas; most settled in Malaysia, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States, and Australia. Since 2011, Wonderful Indonesia has been the slogan of the country's international marketing campaign to promote tourism. [298] The latter part of the Sukarno era saw the use of cinema for nationalistic, anti-Western purposes, and foreign films were subsequently banned, while the New Order utilised a censorship code that aimed to maintain social order. Sur l’île de Komodo, une expérience magique s’offre aux visiteurs : une rencontre inédite avec les varans. [185] In the 1980s, Indonesian engineer Tjokorda Raka Sukawati invented a road construction technique named Sosrobahu that allows the construction of long stretches of flyovers above existing main roads with minimum traffic disruption. publications. [303], Like other developing countries, Indonesia began development of the Internet in the early 1990s. [241][242] By the end of the 16th century, Islam had supplanted Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion of Java and Sumatra. [85] The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora and the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa were among the largest in recorded history. [24] Austronesian peoples, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to Southeast Asia from what is now Taiwan. Stamps of Indonesia (1963), Komodo coin, Indonesia Dscn0057.jpg Informations pratiques pour un voyage en Indonésie. Nevertheless, its political influence remains, albeit at a reduced level. Bali est quant à elle un condensé magique de l’Indonésie. [93] Tropical seas surround Indonesia's 80,000 kilometres (50,000 miles) of coastline. [116][111] Beginning with 2015 local elections, elections for governors and mayors have occurred on the same date. Zudem wurden Korruptionsvorwürfe über Präsident Suharto laut und Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie forderte den Rücktritt des Präsidenten. [265][266] Racism, especially against Chinese Indonesians since the colonial period, is still prevalent today. [81] Of the 400 volcanoes, around 130 are active. [258], Government expenditure on healthcare is about 3.3% of GDP in 2016. Juanda International Airport, Surabaya, Garuda 747-400 in Frankfurt.jpg Currency: Rupiah (w:Rupiah). Wayang, the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese shadow puppet theatre display several mythological legends such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. [224], While the constitution stipulates religious freedom,[225][115] the government officially recognises only six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism;[226][227] with indigenous religions only partly acknowledged. Here's What You Should Know About Usmar Ismail", "The Last 10 Years of Indonesia's Film Industry", "World Notices Indonesian Film Resurgence", "The Internet in Indonesia: Development and Impact of Radical Websites", "Indonesia has 171 million internet users: Study", "Indonesian internet users turn to smartphones to go online", "Preserving intangible cultural heritage in Indonesia", "An Introduction to the Literature of Indonesia, 2015 Frankfurt Book Fair's Guest of Honor", "Celebratory rice cone dish to represent the archipelago", "7 Boxing World Champions from Indonesia", "Haryanto becomes Indonesia's first F1 driver", Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs, Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs, Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs, State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform, Cooperation and Small & Medium Enterprises, Research, Technology and Higher Education, Villages, Underdeveloped Regions and Transmigration, Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center, National Team for Transportation Safety and Security, ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&oldid=980815007, States and territories established in 1945, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Indonesian-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles with Indonesian-language sources (id), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Indonesian Workers Placement and Protection, This page was last edited on 28 September 2020, at 16:38. Java, the world's most-populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. [222] The small minorities that can speak it or Dutch-based creole languages fluently are the aforementioned ethnic groups and descendants of Dutch colonisers. [308] In written poetry and prose, several traditional forms dominate, mainly syair, pantun, gurindam, hikayat and babad. [146] The military has possessed a strong political influence since its founding, which peaked during the New Order. In recent decades, there have been remarkable improvements such as rising life expectancy (from 62.3 years in 1990 to 71.7 years in 2019)[261] and declining child mortality (from 84 deaths per 1,000 births in 1990 to 25.4 deaths in 2017). Nach der Wirtschaftskrise im Jahre 1998 kam es zu ersten Protesten. [233] They worshipped and revered ancestral spirit, and believed that supernatural spirits (hyang) might inhabit certain places such as large trees, stones, forests, mountains, or sacred sites. [157] Since 2009, it has employed more people than other sectors, accounting for 47.7% of the total labour force, followed by agriculture (30.2%) and industry (21.9%). Coin of Indonesia (50 rupiah, not in circulation anymore), showing Komodo dragon, LocationIndonesia.svg [161] Reduction of trade barriers from the mid-1980s made the economy more globally integrated. [108] A majority of Indonesia's population lives in low-lying coastal areas,[107] including the capital Jakarta, the fastest-sinking city in the world. Aussi comptez 18 à 20 heures de vol. craving indonesia . Klicken Sie auf die Karte, um die Höhe anzuzeigen. Between the 8th and 15th centuries, the Javanese civilisation has developed a refined stone sculpting art and architecture which was influenced by Hindu-Buddhist Dharmic civilisation. La majeure partie de sa population vit avec un montant n'excédant pas 2 $ par jour. In addition to refined and crude petroleum as the main imports, telephones, vehicle parts and wheat cover the majority of additional imports. [233] Examples of Indonesian native belief systems include the Sundanese Sunda Wiwitan, Dayak's Kaharingan, and the Javanese Kejawèn. [76] Indonesia has two seasons—a wet season and a dry season—with no extremes of summer or winter. [129] The country adheres to what it calls a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking a role in regional affairs in proportion to its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among other countries. The first film produced in the archipelago was Loetoeng Kasaroeng,[297] a silent film by Dutch director L. Heuveldorp. À Bali, le calme et la verdure des rizières contrastent avec l’animation de la plage de Jimbaran, connue pour ses restaurants qui proposent du poisson frais.